Speech Disorders: Theoretical Dimensions and Therapeutic Approaches to Dysarthria, Speech Anxiety, and Stammering

Abstract

Speech disorders can affect the clarity, smoothness, and flow of spoken communication. This article examines three speech-related conditions: dysarthria, a motor speech disorder caused by impaired control of the muscles used for speech; speech anxiety, characterized by excessive fear or anxiety when speaking before others; and stammering, characterized by involuntary repetitions, prolongations, or blocks. This theoretical study aims to clarify the conceptual and therapeutic dimensions of these conditions and to examine the psychological and neurological factors associated with them. The reviewed literature indicates that dysarthria may involve irregular or explosive speech, hypernasality, muscle weakness, and impaired coordination. It also suggests that psychological and neurological factors may interact in stammering, highlighting the importance of comprehensive assessment and individualized intervention.